Public understanding becomes critical as Singapore weighs nuclear energy for net-zero goals
As Singapore pushes toward a net-zero future, tough questions are emerging about how the city-state can secure reliable, low-carbon energy despite severe resource constraints.
Energy Constraints Shape Singapore’s Options
Raising public awareness of Singapore’s energy limitations is a crucial first step in explaining why the country is considering nuclear power, said Mr Darryl Chan, who leads the newly formed nuclear team at the Energy Market Authority (EMA). Speaking on Feb 6, Mr Chan noted that without understanding Singapore’s constraints, the public may struggle to grasp why alternatives such as nuclear energy or fuel imports are being explored.
Heavy Reliance on Fossil Fuels
Despite common misconceptions, solar energy is not Singapore’s primary power source. The country currently depends on natural gas for about 95 percent of its electricity needs. As a fossil fuel, natural gas contributes significantly to carbon emissions, posing a major challenge as Singapore aims to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. The energy sector alone accounts for roughly 40 percent of national emissions.
Limited Renewable Alternatives
Singapore is considered an alternative energy disadvantaged country due to its limited land and natural resources. While solar deployment continues to expand, it cannot meet national demand on its own. As a result, the EMA has identified several parallel pathways to ensure energy security, including continued natural gas use, clean energy imports, and exploration of emerging low-carbon technologies such as nuclear energy.
Addressing Nuclear Safety Concerns
Public hesitation toward nuclear energy often stems from past disasters, particularly the Fukushima Daiichi meltdown in Japan in 2011. That incident reshaped global nuclear policies, prompting countries like Germany to phase out nuclear power. Mr Chan emphasized that Singapore is not considering older reactor designs, but advanced technologies such as small modular reactors, which offer significantly enhanced safety features.
Energy Security and Price Stability
Beyond emissions reduction, nuclear energy could strengthen Singapore’s energy security. Unlike natural gas plants that rely on constant fuel imports, nuclear facilities can operate for several years without refueling. Nuclear fuel can also be stockpiled due to its high energy density, providing flexibility during supply chain disruptions. In addition, electricity prices from nuclear plants may be more stable, as long-term costs are driven mainly by upfront infrastructure investment rather than volatile fuel prices.
Building Public Confidence
Experts widely agree that public acceptance is essential for any nuclear program to succeed. Mr Chan pointed to examples in Italy and Germany, where public concern over health and environmental risks led to the shutdown of nuclear facilities despite the absence of accidents. EMA is therefore prioritizing public education to ensure opinions are formed based on facts rather than fear.
Government Steps Toward Transparency
To support informed public discourse, the Singapore Government released a background paper in October 2025 outlining the country’s rationale for considering nuclear energy. The document addresses safety considerations, capability building, and Singapore’s position within global decarbonization efforts, providing context for the long-term policy discussion.
Singapore’s exploration of nuclear energy reflects the complex trade-offs facing small, resource-scarce economies pursuing climate goals. As the nation balances energy security, affordability, and sustainability, public understanding will play a decisive role in shaping whether nuclear power becomes part of its future energy mix.
Sources: Straits Times (2026)
Keywords: Singapore Nuclear Energy, Energy Market Authority, Net Zero Emissions, Small Modular Reactors, Energy Security
